ABSTRACT
This project was conduct to awareness of microbial
contamination on hairdressing instruments using in hairdressing salons. We
randomly collected samples from five different salons such as (comb, brush and
hairpins) with the help of moist sterile cotton swab and processed according
standard process (Adeleye and Osidipo, 2004)1.
We isolate three different bacterial spices Staphylococcus aureus,
Streptococcus sp and Enterobacteria sp. The presences of
these potential pathogens were indicates the hairdressing salons could be
contribute the spread of infection via their services to their clients.
Key words: Potential
pathogens, hairdressing, beauty salons, health risk.
INTRODUCTION
It has become very much common in 21st
century to go to hairdressing and beauty salons for any festival or events.
Although, it is a potential health risk or sometime cause injuries to opt their
services (Adeleye and Osidipo, 2004; Barn and Chen,
2011)2. The health risk depends upon the
quality of instruments or apparatus since
items such as (comb, brush, hairpin and scissors) and
the type of services. Major reason behind the happening is lack of rules,
regulation and recommendation process. It also has observed that the tools uses
for hairdressing process are continuously, being exposed by micro-organism.
These microbes are present everywhere including human skin. The normal flora of
skin is unique from human to human and might be cause infection to others (De Souza
and Shibu, 2004)3.
It often occurs during hairdressing or
treatment. During treatment it may damage the scalp by little the mistake of
hair dresser. A person having treatment may have an open injury. These
infections may role through the use of same tools for treatment across. As body
fluid and blood cannot be observed by naked eyes, it is on treatment tools, and
can be transferred to others, if it is not clean through proper disinfectant
techniques (Ibrahim, 2007)4.
Infections that can be spread in
hairdressing premises include skin infections on the scalp, face and neck such
as impetigo (Brown, 2006: Amodio et al.,
2010; Barn and Chen, 2011)5.
It has also been reported by clients
that using tools without proper disinfectant cause lice exchange as well (Ruddy et
al., 2001)6. The object of our research is to
reduced infection risk and aware the clients regarding this health risk.
It is hoped that the result of
this study will sensitize the hairdressing salon to this type of hazard in
their process which cloud be uptake of preventive procedure against
transmission of microbes.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
We survey five different hairdressing
salons which located around Karachi. We randomly collected three samples such
as (comb, brush and hair pins) from each salon. We collect sample with the help
of moist sterile cotton swab and swab stick place back to the casing to removed
further contamination and each swab was labeled appropriately. Each sample was
treated according to standard procedure (Adeleye and Osidipo, 2004)7.
We used variety of differential or selective media for identification of
contaminating microbes. We also performed gram staining or biochemical test and
for further identification (Anderson and Palombo, 2009)8.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In the present study, 15 samples of in
use beauty salon comb, brush and hairpin were observed for microbial
contamination of Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus spp. and
Enterobacteria spp. Comb and brush samples had 100% S. aureus contamination,
while 80% contamination for the similar pathogen from the hair pin samples..
The percentage of streptococcus
spp. contamination among all areas in the beauty salons comb, brush and
hairpin samples was 28%, Almost 40% of the total comb and hairpin samples,
while 60% contamination was observed in brush Samples.
The percentage of Enterobacteria
spp. contamination among all areas in the beauty salons comb, brush and
hairpin samples was 16%, Almost 20% of the total comb and hairpin samples,
while 40% contamination was observed in brush Samples.
Table 1 shows the numbers of bacterial
isolates from each sample.
This
study was conduct to aware microbial hazard associated to hairdressing salons.
In salons clients not only exposed contaminated tools but also exposed
different chemicals and thermal services.
If a hairdresser used their tools on an infected client without
proper cleaning and disinfection, that occur spreading an infectious diseases. In our current study, we isolated three
bacterial potential pathogenic species in the different salons. Staphylococcus aureus contamination was
seen large number of the entire salon and is among the most important bacteria
that cause disease in humans. This bacterium has been shown to cause various
pus-forming diseases in humans such as boils, carbuncles, foliculities,
impetigo contagiosa, scalded-skin syndrome. Streptococcus
contamination was seen from the entire salon and this bacterium has been
shown to cause various kinds of diseases in humans such as Cellulitis,
Erysipelas, Bacteremia and Scarlet Fever. Very small number of Enterobacteria contamination was
seen in the entire salons and also this bacterium has been shown to
cause various different kinds of severe diseases in humans (Brown,
2006; Amodio et al., 2010; Barn and Chen, 2011)9. Due
to the present of these potential pathogens we concluded the disinfectant
procedure used in each salon which are not able to prevent transmission of
pathogen or health risk.
Hairdressing
salons and their service to their client cause health risk and sometime injury.
This work indicated that hairdressing salon surf as hazard which leads to the
spread of infection. Due to untreated tools are used in salons. However,
hairdresser treats their tools before using to their services. In order to
minimizes the spread of infections to their clients.
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